There’s a balance to be made between the flow of people and the seating capacity of trains.
Single level with many doors will load/unload quickly, however there’s barely any seating. Two level maximizes seating at the expense of dwell times.

Nobody made a two level train with a focus on standing yet, so we don’t have a real world example. If it’s even possible because you need more headroom than usually available on double deckers

That said there are metro-like systems with double deckers. Paris and Sydney have already been mentioned. True, they are usually classified as suburban systems, but are very much used for city trips as well.

I think cost is a problem. Cheaper is adding extra cars than boring higher tunnel.

Here in Boston a lot of the commuter rail cars are double decker. I guess it’s an upgrade to carry more people rooms but a better upgrade would be running more trains. That costs money though

Like other people said, I don’t know about subway. You want to be quick on quick off. I don’t usually even sit (even when there’s room )

I think one of the bigger things keeping metro rolling stock from using double decker units is the need to go underground. Increased height means larger tunnels or deeper cuts and that can get cost prohibitive. This is especially the case when simply lengthening the tunneling needed for longer station boxes/platforms to support higher capacity single deck trains is less costly.

They did but they forgot to make the hole bigger and it was quite a mess

No one has mentioned the idea of having double-decked stations to make it so you don’t have to worry about moving to the right floor in advance of your stop.

I would posit this as a given if we bothered to make taller tunnels for taller train-cars, but based on other comments here, I’m not sure this idea actually makes the concept of double-decker subways any more sensible or useful.

It looks like those metros that have a use for the idea have made it work in their own way and places that haven’t tend to have significant reasons of their own for not going this route. Enlarging existing tunnels vertically seems to be a non-starter in most places, for instance.

I dunno where you live but Metra in Chicagoland (connecting the city center to the surrounding suburbs) are double decker already. The L trains downtown don’t really need them.

The main downside of double-decker train cars is the time it takes passengers to to board them. And, since this is one of the main factors limiting metro frequencies and thus capacity, they’re not that suitable for subways. To maximize metro capacity, you want long trains with many doors and very high frequency.

Double-decker cars are much more suitable for lower-frequency service (S-Bahn, regional, long-distance,…) where they’re also commonly used.

Of course, you could still use double-decker cars in a metro (and maybe some places do), it’s just suboptimal.

As in a traincar with a staircase inside, or as in two stacked rail tracks in parellel along a subway route?

As subways are usually intended for traveling short distances, the passengers have to get in and out fast. Thus, subways usually have doors in shorter distance from each other than e.g. in train trolleys, that are used on lines where the stations are in larger distance from each other than subway stations usually are. The trolleys of double decker trains have stairs close to the doors, thus the trolleys for subways would need to have equivalently more stairs. Subsequently, the space gained for passengers to sit or stand would be much less than e.g. for double decker trains.

I went on the Naples subway once, and they were running full size 2-deck commuter trains on the subway. It was way overkill.

Most subway lines were dug after the city they go under was built, and, for example, there’s a whole lot of London on top of the London Underground. Very difficult to dig upwards, very expensive to dig downwards. In the above ground sections you’d have to rebuild all the road bridges.

Much easier and cheaper to run the most efficient service possible with a high throughput of trains.

Some subway cars in Sydney are double decked. The seats are a half floor up or down from where the doors open.

I am sure someone has, but quickly realized that it would be way too expensive and have a marginal at best impact on passenger throughput, and have a big negative impact on passenger safety.

Let me explain my thoughts.

1. Throughput, let make it simple, lets just double the number of people in a train, it is not realistic, but it is simple and gives the concept the benefit of the doubt. This means that the time to load and unload passengers will be increased sharply since it takes longer to get to a door, this reduces the total throughput of the system, so that you have to wait longer for the next train and wait longer for every station you stop at. But lets get to the next point to see if we can rectify this.
2. Cost, double decker trains are larger than most normal trains, so you need to build larger tunnels, and if you want to build a concept where you can board at both levels at once you need to build the entire station taller and fit dedicated ramps at a minimum. The cost would be significantly higher for this concept rather than just build a longer platform and fit more cars in. Now with double the ammount of passengers getting on and off the station, we need to build larger enterances/exits with more escalators bringing up the cost again.
3. Passenger safety, say that you are on the upper deck in a double decker metro train in a tunnel between stations, there is a fire and rhe train stop inside the tunnel, you are ordered to evacuate, in one scenario you are required to go down the internal stairs and evacuate on the bottom deck, this causes you to have to stand in line as others evacuate before you. In another scenario you can evacuate through all doors with ladders you place in the doors, you are about to climb down, but slip and fall, or someone knocks down the ladder, or perhaps you are the first to get to the ladder and as you try to get the ladder in place use it you accidentally hit other passengers outside already evacuating, all of this while the train is one fire and the tunnel is filling with smoke.

Single decker metro trains are enough, they bord passengers faster meaning they move faster along the system, they are less expensive giving more money to a larger system or newer trains, and they are less dangerous.

New York has some of the longest subways at 600ft (160 meters)

Next up is shanghai and Beijing.

Paris is 6th.

So we could go longer but maybe more frequent is better?